The portraits in the early days used large amounts of chemicals ans salt water, plus hours for developing a photo. It's very detailed and clear image preserved on a copper plate and you could only have one copy of your photo. And it is also a negative image on paper, colors would vary. These portraits limited to black and white and depending on the method of developmemt, might have slight tint of other colors.The portraits today have many different methods to get the best picture; many taken at one time and retouched. With technology like photoshop to soften blemishes, change lighting, correct red eyes, add in things missing from the photo and air brushing, people can look at desirable as they like. We are also able to make many copies of the pictures for the family members even can post them on internet.
In the past, the photographer was an artist, a paiter or simply, a photographer of professional who devoted their time to taking pictures, who is rich person.. There are some reasons: cameras were almost a science. Special step have to be taken that an armature at photography couldn't get their hands on the proper equipment; Cameras were not cheap 200 years ago...
Nowadays anyone who has a camera can take a great picture once in a while, of cource there are people who also decide to be a professional photographer and study all the techniques, new trends and best cameras.
Photography is the result of combining several diffrent technical discoveries. The first permanent photograph (recently using 100 paiting that changed the world) was an image in 1826 by the Fench inventor Joseph Nicephore Niepce. His photographs were produced on the polished pewter plate covered with a petroleum derivative called bitumen of Judea, which he then dissolved in white petroleum.
By 1840, Talbot had invented the calotype process. He coated paper sheets with silver chloride to create an intermediate negative image. In 1851, at an exhibition in Paris, Levisky would win the first ever gold medal awarded for a portrait photograph. Although color photography was explored throughout the 19th century, inital experiments in color resulted in projected temporary images, rather than permanent color images. Moreover until the1870s the emulsions available were not sensitive to red or green light.
An right now we have the digital cameras. We can take the pictures of everything we want and up load them on internet, we can crop the picture, edit it, photoshop it...

